Thursday, November 26, 2020

欺凌

Bully: someone who hurts or frightens someone who is smaller or less powerful, often forcing them to do something that they do not want to do

https://www.google.com/amp/s/dictionary.cambridge.org/zht/amp/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E8%25AA%259E-%25E6%25BC%25A2%25E8%25AA%259E-%25E7%25B9%2581%25E9%25AB%2594/bully

Serial bullying is where an individual picks on one employee after another and destroys them. This is the most common type of bullying Tim Field came across, and he put a great deal of time into studying the Serial Bully. He considered the serial bully to exhibit the behavioural characteristics of a socialised psychopath.

https://bullyonline.org/index.php/bullying/2-types-of-bullying

Bullying involves physical and emotional behaviours that are intentional, controlling and hurtful. Bullying is a serious problem that creates a climate of harassment and fear. Victims experience a sense of isolation and loss of self-confidence. Those who bully face rejection, school failure and antisocial behaviour patterns that can continue well into adulthood.

Examples:

Physical bullying: hitting, poking, shoving, jabbing, fighting, unwanted touching, blocking, stealing, writing graffiti about others, pinching, chasing and cornering, tripping and vandalizing.

Emotional bullying: making fun of others, incessant teasing, name-calling, threatening, mocking, putting down, punching, making offensive racial or sexual comments, ganging up on others, belittling, excluding others from a group or activity, shunning, ignoring and lying.

General Information on Bullying

Bullying is a society problem, not just a school problem.

The strongest influence on children’s behaviour is not the school or what they watch on television, it is the behaviour they observe within their home and their relationship with their parents.

Bullying occurs most frequently from sixth to eighth grade, with little variation between urban, suburban, town and rural areas.

Males are more likely to be physically bullied, while females are more likely to be verbally or psychologically bullied.

Bullies and victims of bullying have difficulty adjusting to their environments, both socially and psychologically. Victims of bullying have greater difficulty making friends and are lonelier.

Bullies are more likely to smoke and drink alcohol, and to be poorer students.

Bully-victims–students who are both bullies and recipients of bullying–tend to experience social isolation, to do poorly in school and to engage in problem behaviours such as smoking and drinking.

Who Are Bullies?

Children who regularly bully their peers tend to be impulsive, easily frustrated, dominant in personality, have difficulty conforming to rules, view violence positively and are more likely to have friends who are also bullies. Boys who bully are usually physically stronger than their peers.

Moreover, several risk factors have been associated with bullying, including individual, family, peer, school, and community factors. With respect to family factors, children are more likely to bully if there is a lack of warmth and parent involvement, lack of parental supervision, and harsh corporal discipline. Some research suggests a link between bullying behavior and child maltreatment. Also, schools that lack adequate adult supervision tend to have more instances of bullying.

https://glenora.net/bullying-a-community-problem/

According to this article, bullying usually happens among minors who are so childish that they do not know how to respect others, but it happens to me in the adult world, all the time.

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