內疚

Gucci Guilty Eau de Parfum Pour Femme

Ingredients :

Alcohol Denat.- kill the COVID-19, Parfum/ Fragrance-'You're so refreshing, honey!', Aqua/ Water

Alpha Isomethyl Ionone

Alpha-isomethyl ionone (or Methyl Ionone) is a colorless fragrance material with a powdery, woody and floral scent, very similar to violet and orris. (INGREDIENT Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone by Lush). It maybe a potential skin irritant to small number of people. If you are not sure, ask a physician.

Alpha Isomethyl Ionone 是一種粉狀無色的香芬材料。它帶有木香及花香, 氣味跟紫羅蘭及黛尾花相似。此成份有可能對少數人做成皮膚敏感，如有疑問請向醫生查詢。

Benzyl Salicylate

Benzyl Salicylate is a clear colorless liquid with a sweet floral aroma. It is a sweet, balsam, and clean tasting compound that can be found in cloves and herbs and spices (Pubchem). In cosmetics and personal care products, Benzyl Salicylate is used in the formulation of bath products, bubble baths, cleansing products, hair care products, makeup, moisturizers, perfumes and colognes, shampoos, skin care products and suntan products. Benzyl Salicylate is used as a fragrant ingredient and ultraviolet light absorber, i.e. sunblock. THE SCIENCE & SAFETY BEHIND YOUR FAVORITE PRODUCTS 

https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0029818

Benzyl Salicylate 是一種含有花香的透明無顏色液體。它是丁子香，香草，香辛料的其中一種成份。在化妝用品及個人用品當中，它是製造沫浸浴 產品，泡泡浴，個人清潔，頭髮護理，化妝品，潤膚產品，香水，古龍水，洗髮水，護膚品及防曬用品的一種材料。Benzyl Salicylate的作用是作為香薰材料及防曬用途。

BHT (Butylated Hydroxytoluene )

BHT  is a lab-made chemical that is added to foods as a preservative. People also use it as medicine. BHT is used to treat genital herpes and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Some people apply BHT directly to the skin for cold sores. BHT is an antioxidant. It may damage the protective outer layer of viral cells. This may keep the viruses from multiplying and/or doing more damage ( WebMD). There’s evidence that suggests that BHT mimics estrogen, meaning it could compete with the estrogen in your body for binding sites, potentially throwing off your hormone balance. This is a problem fo0r both men and women. In some situations BHT can also promote the growth of tumors. BHT bioaccumulates in the body over time, so even a product that contains a miniscule amount can cause harm in the long run. And it is not just used as an perfume, you’ll find BHT in makeup, skin care, diaper cream, even food! Fatty food products like chips, baked goods, butter, meat, and vegetable oils often have BHT added to prolong their shelf life ( 5 Perfume Ingredients that Can Affect Your Hormones By Amanda Ramos). 

BHT 是一種加在食物中防腐的化合物。它也有醫藥用途，BHT 可用作治療生殖器疱疹及愛滋病。亦有人將BHT塗在皮膚上治療唇疱疹。BHT是抗氧化劑。它破病毒的外在保護層，這有助防止病毒繁殖或做成更大的傷害。有證據顯示BHT與雌激素構造相似，可與雌激素競爭結合位，有可能引致賀爾蒙失去平衡，對男性及女性都有影響。在某情況下，BHT甚至會有助腫瘤生長。BHT會在身體內積存，即使每次吸收極少量長遠來說都是對身體有害的。BHT在一些香水，化妝品，護膚品，嬰兒尿布疹霜及食品內都可以找到。一些高脂食品例如薯片，糕餅焙烤食品，牛油，肉類，植物油都加有BHT去延長有效期。

Cinnamyl Alcohol

Cinnamyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol, and as the name suggests it can be found naturally from the cinnamon tree, daffodil flowers, hyacinth, and tea-tree. Although it can be produced synthetically with similar therapeutic outcome. It comes as a pale-yellow liquid.  

It is mainly used as a fragrance ingredient because of pleasant hyacinth like aroma. It is also used as a flavoring agent. It is primarily used in toiletries, fragrances, and perfumes. It's used as an anti-aging agent, and skin whitening agent is still under research. (Lesielle)

肉桂醇是肉桂，水仙花，風信子及茶樹其中一種成份，多用作香薰用途，製造洗漱用品，香水，香薰的成份之一。Cinnamyl Alcohol已被用作抗衰老產品用途，致於美白用途還在研究中。

Citral

It appears as a clear yellow colored liquid with a lemon-like odor. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals. Geranial, also known as alpha citral (Pubchem)

Citral是透明的黃色液體(尿？), 有檸檬香味，比水密度低而宜是非水溶性的，口服是有毒的，用作製造其他化合物。

Citronellol

Citronellol, or dihydrogeraniol, is a natural acyclic monoterpenoid. Both enantiomers occur in nature. (+)-Citronellol, which is found in citronella oils, including Cymbopogon nardus (50%), is the more common isomer. (−)-Citronellol is found in the oils of rose (18–55%) and Pelargonium geraniums (Wikipedia). Citronellol is a colorless oily liquid usually present in the essential oils of Citronella oil, Geranium, Muscatel sage and Sandalwood. The essential oils of Rose, Lemongrass, Tagetes, Neroli, Chamomile, Basil and Lavender also constitutes of Citronellol. It has also been found that Citronellol is a volatile component of orange juice, bilberry, lemon peel oil, guava, red wine, nutmeg, white wine, black tea, green tea, mango, plum brandy and star anise.   Citronellol is a pale viscous liquid with a sweet floral aroma of rose and owns a bitter taste. It possesses a floral rosy and fresh citrus flavor. It is used as a fragrance enhancer in perfumery as it enhances the fragrances of floral types, especially rose. Because of its aroma and flavour, it is used in cosmetics soaps, shampoos, moisturizers, skin and hair care products, colognes, shaving creams, after shave lotion and bath products. It is used in beverages for its flavor. Citronellol has antimicrobial, antifungal, antispasmodic and anticonvulsant activities.   (THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS OF CITRONELLOL).

香茅醇是一種天然有機化合物，存在於多種植物精油以及一些水果中，屬於類萜。其兩種對映異構體在自然界中均有分布：R--香茅醇, 存在於香茅油 ；而S-香茅醇存在於薔薇屬植物中，以及天竺葵屬植物等(維基百科)。它有着玫瑰花，柑橘味道，它能提升香水中花香， 特別是玫瑰。Citronellol 有防菌，防真菌，抗痙攣，抗驚厥之功效。

Coumarin

Coumarin is a natural volatile active compound found in many plants, e.g. cinnamon (Burfield, 2008; Sproll, Ruge, Andlauer, Godelmann, & Lachenmeier, 2008). Coumarins exhibited ANITUMOR activities at different stages of cancer formation through various mechanisms, such as blocking cell cycle, inducing cell apoptosis, modulating estrogen receptor, or inhibiting the DNA-associated enzymes, such as topoisomerase (Emami and Dadashpour, 2015). Coumarins also have ANTIMICROBOTIC, ANTIINFLAMMATORY, ANTIBACTERIAL INFECTION, VASODILATORY AND ANTIVIRAL activities (Antimicrobials from herbs, spices, and plants by Tarik Bor, ... Salam A. Ibrahim, in Fruits, Vegetables, and Herbs, 2016). Sciencedirect 

天然Coumarin可取自多種植物，例如肉桂，有防癌，殺菌，阻止及減低細菌感染，防止病毒，消炎，擴張血管功效

Dethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate

Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (INCI) is an organic compound used in sunscreens to absorb UVA radiation.   It is marketed as Uvinul A Plus by BASF. DHHB has an absorption maximum of 354 nm. DHHB has excellent photostability and compatibility with other UV absorbers and other cosmetic ingredients (Wikipedia).

是一種使用於防曬乳中以吸收UVA的有機化合物，由德國化學大廠BASF以Uvinul A Plus為商品名研發上市，它對於波長354奈米的紫外線吸收率最大。 二乙基氨基羥基苯甲醯苯甲酸己酯相對其他防曬劑與美容成分有極佳的相容性及光穩定性。 (維基百科)

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate

A clear, oil-soluble, "cosmetically-elegant" liquid that is the most commonly used chemical sunscreen. It absorbs UVB radiation (at wavelengths: 280-320 nm) with a peak protection at 310nm. It only protects against UVB and not UVA rays (the 320-400 nm range) – so always choose products that contain other sunscreens too. It is not very stable either, when exposed to sunlight, it kind of breaks down and loses its effectiveness (not instantly, but over time - it loses 10% of its SPF protection ability within 35 mins). Ethylhexyl  is considered "safe as used" (and sunscreens are pretty well regulated) and it is available worldwide (can be used up to 10% in the EU and up to 7.5% in the US) (INCI).

透明油溶性液體，通常用於防曬產品當中，它吸收紫外線B(波長280一320nm)，對波長310nm的紫外線防護性最高。它是不能吸收紫外線B的，因此要配合其他防曬用品才能更有效。它的性質不太穩定，當接觸太陽光時，它會被分解及慢慢逐漸地失去效用。它被確定可安全使用於全世界的產品當中而且是有完善法律保障的。在歐盟國家產品中含量限於10%，而在美國其產品含量限於75%。

Geraniol

It is a monoterpenoid and an alcohol. It is one of the 200 terpenes produced by the cannabis genome. It is the primary component of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Understanding Terpenes: Geranioland Wikipedia). It has potential efficacy for major diseases like cancer and diabetes and conditions such as pain, inflammation, and bacterial infections. The anti-inflammatory powers of geraniol make it an effective element in the fight against a variety of diseases based in or strongly characterized by this condition. This includes arthritis, fibromyalgia, and multiple sclerosis. Geraniol has also demonstrated efficacy against hyperglycemia, fungal infections, and ulcers. Its proven antioxidant and neuroprotective properties mean that it may be an effective tool against diseases such as Alzheimers and Parkinsons. (Understanding Terpenes: Geraniol)

香葉醇(Geraniol)是玫瑰油、馬丁香油和香茅一油等香精油的主要成分之一，也少量存在於天竺葵和檸檬中(維基百科)。香葉醇對醫治及防止癌症，糖尿病，痛症，發症炎，細菌感染都有相當嘅功效。其亦有效防止及治療高血糖，真菌感染及潰瘍等症狀。再加上Geraniol有抗氧化及神經系統之保護能力能有效地延緩甚至防止柏金遜症及老人癡呆症。

Hexyl Cinnamal

Hexyl cinnamal (also known as hexyl cinnamic aldehyde) is a pale yellow to colourless liquid. It is a synthetic organic compound that resembles the naturally occurring, spicy cinnamic aldehyde, but it possesses a subtler, floral character (Lush Fresh Handmade Cosmetics)

Hexyl Cinnamal是淡黃至無色的液體，它是人造有機化合物，跟天然辣肉桂醛相似，但有暗淡的花香。

Hydroxycitronellal

Hydroxycitronellal is a synthetic fragrance that is widely used in many cosmetics and hygiene (no wonder I don't know what that is! Sor dus ne...) products such as deodorants soaps, antiseptics, and other household items. It has the smell of lilac, lily, and lily of the valley. Hydroxycitronellal has also been shown to be a dermatologic irritant and allergen, and as a result commercially available products are restricted by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) to contain only 0.1-3.6%. Sensitivity to hydroxycitronellal may be identified with a clinical patch test (Drugbank)

Hydroxycitronellal是人造的香薰，它被廣泛用作化妝品，個人衛生(唔怪得我唔識啦!) 用品當中例如止汗劑，香梘，消毒劑，及其他家居用品等等。Hydroxycitronellal 帶有丁香屬，百合花及鈐蘭的香味。但它有可能引致皮膚敏感，因此IFRA規定巿面上商品咔其含量只限於0.1-3.6%。對此成份敏感與否可透過藥物貼膚測試驗證。

Isoeugenol

Isoeugenol is a commonly used fragrance added to many commercially available products, and occurs naturally in the essential oils of plants such as ylang-ylang. It is also a significant dermatologic sensitizer and allergen, and as a result has been restricted to 200 p.p.m. since 1998 according to guidelines issued by the fragrance industry. Allergic reactivity to Isoeugenol may be identified with a patch test.

Isoeugenol是商品中很常用的香薰材料，它是天然植物香精油例如依蘭的成份之一。由於它有可能導致皮膚敏感，因此自1998年起香薰業指引將其濃度限制於200ppm或以下。對此成份敏感與否可透過藥物貼膚測試驗證。

Limonene

Limonene is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the oil of citrus fruit peels (Wikipedia). It has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-stress, and possibly disease-preventing properties (Healthline).

室溫下容易揮發，廣泛存在於各種柑橘屬果皮及香精油，特別是檸檬油、檸蒿油、橙子油、佛手柑油、蒔蘿油中。它還有消炎，抗氧化，減壓，更有預防疾病的可能性。

Linalool

Like most botanical terpenes, Linalool is not specific to any one plant. You've no doubt encountered linalool if you've ever smelled lavender, either fresh, dried, or in the form of an essential oil. Linalool can be found in upwards of 200 plants, ranging from:  

Lamiaceae (lavender, mints, scented herbs)，Lauraceae (laurels, cinnamon, rosewood)，Rutaceae (citrus fruits)，FungiBirch trees

Linalool has a floral aroma similar to lavender with a touch of spiciness that lends to its many commercial applications in creams and oils. Linalool is an Anti-Inflammatory and Pain Reducer: Linalool is useful for dampening overractive responses to injury or sickness; an Anti-Epileptic:  Linalool is "very powerful in it's anticonvulsant quality", a stress Reducer: Linalool inhalation has been shown to act as an anxiolytic (anxiety reducer) and may boost immune system performance; a Vampire Deterrent: Linalool can deter mosquitos with 93% efficiency;a Sedative: Linalool can improve sleep and increase energy the following morning; an Anti-Microbial Modulator: Linalool may improve anti-microbial properties. Linalool can have cytotoxic effects by inducing cells to undergo apoptosis and triggering cell death. The majority of studies pertaining to the monoterpenoid linalool are typically focused on its capacity to suppress microorganisms, with few having endeavored to research aspects of its ANTI-CANCER activity. Linalool offers tremendous potential in terms of treating cancer and immunity. We believe that this substance can substantially ENHANCE TUMOR TREAMENTS and provide novel starting points for FUTURE CANCER RESEARCHES.

Linalool 可舒緩減壓，抗癫癇症，防炎止痛，殺菌驅蚊，更可以治病同防癌。

(Linalool Exhibits Cytotoxic Effects by Activating Antitumor Immunity Mei-Yin Chang and Yi-Ling Shen)

Red 4(Cl 14700)

Red 4 (FD&C Red No. 4) and Red 4 Lake are synthetic colorants. Red 4 and Red 4 Lake are used in the formulation of a wide variety of product types, including makeup products, nail polish and skin care products.The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reviewed the safety of Red 4 and Red 4 Lake and approved the use of these ingredients for coloring externally applied cosmetics (this does not include products intended for use on the lips or the eye area) and personal care products if they conform to FDA specifications. FDA determined that these colors may also be used in coloring externally applied drugs. (Noema)

Red 4 是人造的染料，它被廣泛利用於不同產品當中包括化妝品，指甲油及護膚品. FDA 己核准Red4可作為外用美容產品染料用途(但不包括用於口唇及眼範圍), 個人護理用品，但要遵守FDA细則。FDA亦批准Red4用在外服藥品染色用途。

Yellow 5 (Cl 19140)

Ci 19140  or Tartrazine is a super common colorant in skincare, makeup, medicine & food. It’s a synthetic lemon yellow that's used alone or mixed with other colors for special shades. FDA says it's possible, but rare, to have an allergic-type reaction to a color additive. As an example, it mentions that Ci 19140 may cause itching and hives in some people but the colorant is always labeled so that you can avoid it if you are sensitive (INCI )

Yellow 5是非常常用的護膚品，化妝品，藥品及食品的染色材料。它是人造檸檬黃，單獨或配合其他色素以配出特有的顏色。FDA提出此色素在很稀有情況下是會導致敏感反應的，它有可能引致痕癢或蕁麻疹，但此色素會被列入成份列內，如對其有敏感可以避免。

Ext. Violet 2 (Cl 60730)

Ext. (external) Violet 2 (Ext. D&C Violet No. 2) is a synthetic colorant used as a color additive in the formulation of a wide variety of product types. The FDA has determined that this chemical can be used for coloring externally applied cosmetics and personal care products when it conforms to certain specifications. It's not permitted for lip products, however, or for products intended for use in the eye area, as this would create the risk that it would get inside your body (Annmarie Skincare).

Ext. Violet 2 是人造添加色素已廣泛被應用於不同的產品當中。FDA批准此成份應用於外用的美容產品及個人護理用品的染色用途，但要遵守FDA细則。FDA不認可此成份用於口辱及眼範圍的產品，因這類產品有可能會進入體內。

Goodyear Perfume Centre & Pharmacy 

合成香水中心藥品

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